diff --git a/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-mtvec-01.reference_output b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-mtvec-01.reference_output
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc760ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-mtvec-01.reference_output
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diff --git a/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-01.reference_output b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-01.reference_output
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6fbd0f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-01.reference_output
@@ -0,0 +1,1082 @@
+00000001 # Test 5.3.1.4: mcause from an instruction access fault
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of faulting instruction address (0x0)
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
+00000002 # mcause from an Illegal instruction
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of faulting instruction (0x0)
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
+00000003 # mcause from Breakpoint
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of breakpoint instruction adress (*** Determined from make)
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
+00000004 # mcause from load address misaligned
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of misaligned address (*** Determined from make)
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
+00000005 # mcause from load access
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of address with access faulting instr (*** Determined from make)
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
+00000006 # mcause from store misaligned
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of address with misaligned store instr (*** Determined from make)
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
+00000007 # mcause from store access
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of address with faulting store instr (*** Determined from make)
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
+0000000b # mcause from M mode ecall 
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of 
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
+00000008 # mcause from U mode ecall 
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of 
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
+00000009 # mcause from S mode ecall 
+00000000
+00000000 # mtval of address with faulting store instr (*** Determined from make)
+00000000
+00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
+00000000
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diff --git a/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-s-01.reference_output b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-s-01.reference_output
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc760ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-s-01.reference_output
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diff --git a/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-u-01.reference_output b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-u-01.reference_output
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc760ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-u-01.reference_output
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diff --git a/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-mtvec-01.S b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-mtvec-01.S
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b90291bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-mtvec-01.S
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// WALLY-unvectored-interrupt
+//
+// Author: Kip Macsai-Goren <kmacsaigoren@g.hmc.edu>
+//
+// Created 2022-03-11
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 Harvey Mudd College & Oklahoma State University
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+// modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+// is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+// BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT
+// OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include "WALLY-TEST-LIB-64.h"
+
+INIT_TESTS
+
+// test 5.3.1.5 Unvectored interrupt tests 
+
+TRAP_HANDLER m, VECTORED=0, DEBUG=1 // turn off vectored interrupts, while turning on recording of mstatus bits.
+
+li x28, 0x8
+csrs sstatus, x28 // set sstatus.MIE bit to 1 // *** might be unneccessary for s mode
+// WRITE_READ_CSR mie, 0xFFFF *** commented out until I can get the trap handler (and spike for time interrupts) to work correctly with interrupts
+
+// cause traps, ensuring that we DONT go through the vectored part of the trap handler
+// *** this assumes that interrupt code 0 remains reserved
+
+// CAUSE_TIME_INTERRUPT *** intentionally causing this trap seems difficult in spike. although it is possible for it to accidentally happen. 
+// CAUSE_SOFT_INTERRUPT *** exiting out of the trap handler after these is current;y broken
+// CAUSE_EXT_INTERRUPT
+
+END_TESTS
+
+TEST_STACK_AND_DATA
diff --git a/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-stvec-01.S b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-stvec-01.S
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..688c7891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-stvec-01.S
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// WALLY-unvectored-interrupt
+//
+// Author: Kip Macsai-Goren <kmacsaigoren@g.hmc.edu>
+//
+// Created 2022-03-11
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 Harvey Mudd College & Oklahoma State University
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+// modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+// is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+// BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT
+// OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include "WALLY-TEST-LIB-64.h"
+
+INIT_TESTS
+
+// test 5.3.1.5 Unvectored interrupt tests 
+
+TRAP_HANDLER s, VECTORED=0, DEBUG=1 // turn off vectored interrupts, while turning on recording of mstatus bits.
+
+// li x28, 0x8
+// csrs sstatus, x28 // set sstatus.MIE bit to 1 // *** might be unneccessary for s mode
+// WRITE_READ_CSR mie, 0xFFFF *** commented out until I can get the trap handler (and spike for time interrupts) to work correctly with interrupts
+
+WRITE_READ_CSR mideleg, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+
+GOTO_S_MODE
+
+// cause traps, ensuring that we DONT go through the vectored part of the trap handler
+// *** this assumes that interrupt code 0 remains reserved
+
+// CAUSE_TIME_INTERRUPT *** intentionally causing this trap seems difficult in spike. although it is possible for it to accidentally happen. 
+// CAUSE_SOFT_INTERRUPT *** exiting out of the trap handler after these is current;y broken
+// CAUSE_EXT_INTERRUPT
+
+GOTO_U_MODE 
+
+// CAUSE_TIME_INTERRUPT *** intentionally causing this trap seems difficult in spike. although it is possible for it to accidentally happen. 
+// CAUSE_SOFT_INTERRUPT *** exiting out of the trap handler after these is current;y broken
+// CAUSE_EXT_INTERRUPT
+
+END_TESTS
+
+TEST_STACK_AND_DATA
diff --git a/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-01.S b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-01.S
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be1ca650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-01.S
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// WALLY-trap
+//
+// Author: Kip Macsai-Goren <kmacsaigoren@g.hmc.edu>
+//
+// Created 2022-02-20
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 Harvey Mudd College & Oklahoma State University
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+// modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+// is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+// BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT
+// OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include "WALLY-TEST-LIB-64.h"
+
+INIT_TESTS
+
+TRAP_HANDLER m, DEBUG=1 // turn on recording mtval and status bits on traps
+
+li x28, 0x8
+csrs mstatus, x28 // set mstatus.MIE bit to 1
+// WRITE_READ_CSR mie, 0xFFFF *** commented out until I can get the trap handler (and spike for time interrupts) to work correctly with interrupts
+
+// test 5.3.1.4 Basic trap tests 
+
+// CAUSE_INSTR_ADDR_MISALIGNED //skipped becuase this exception may be impossible when compressed instructions are enabled)
+CAUSE_INSTR_ACCESS
+CAUSE_ILLEGAL_INSTR
+CAUSE_BREAKPNT
+CAUSE_LOAD_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_LOAD_ACC
+CAUSE_STORE_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_STORE_ACC
+GOTO_U_MODE // Causes M mode ecall
+GOTO_S_MODE // Causes U mode ecall
+GOTO_M_MODE // Causes S mode ecall
+
+// CAUSE_TIME_INTERRUPT *** intentionally causing this trap seems difficult in spike. although it is possible for it to accidentally happen. 
+// CAUSE_SOFT_INTERRUPT *** exiting out of the trap handler after these is current;y broken
+// CAUSE_EXT_INTERRUPT
+
+// try the traps again with mideleg = medeleg = all 1's to ensure traps still go to M mode from M mode
+
+WRITE_READ_CSR medeleg, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+WRITE_READ_CSR mideleg, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+
+// CAUSE_INSTR_ADDR_MISALIGNED //skipped becuase this exception may be impossible when compressed instructions are enabled)
+CAUSE_INSTR_ACCESS
+CAUSE_ILLEGAL_INSTR
+CAUSE_BREAKPNT
+CAUSE_LOAD_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_LOAD_ACC
+CAUSE_STORE_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_STORE_ACC
+CAUSE_ECALL // M mode ecall
+// GOTO_U_MODE // leave these untested since we only need to ensure that from M mode are not delegated
+// GOTO_S_MODE 
+
+// CAUSE_TIME_INTERRUPT *** intentionally causing this trap seems difficult in spike. although it is possible for it to accidentally happen. 
+// CAUSE_SOFT_INTERRUPT *** exiting out of the trap handler after these is current;y broken
+// CAUSE_EXT_INTERRUPT
+
+END_TESTS
+
+TEST_STACK_AND_DATA
+
diff --git a/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-s-01.S b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-s-01.S
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a813d9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-s-01.S
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// WALLY-trap-s
+//
+// Author: Kip Macsai-Goren <kmacsaigoren@g.hmc.edu>
+//
+// Created 2022-03-11
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 Harvey Mudd College & Oklahoma State University
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+// modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+// is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+// BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT
+// OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include "WALLY-TEST-LIB-64.h"
+
+INIT_TESTS
+
+// test 5.3.1.4 Basic trap tests 
+
+TRAP_HANDLER m, DEBUG=1 // turn on recording mtval and status bits on traps
+TRAP_HANDLER s, DEBUG=1 // have S mode trap handler as well
+
+// Like WALLY-trap, cause all the same traps from S mode and make sure they go to machine mode with zeroed mideleg, medeleg
+
+GOTO_S_MODE
+
+li x28, 0x8
+csrs sstatus, x28 // set sstatus.MIE bit to 1 // *** might be unneccessary for s mode
+// WRITE_READ_CSR mie, 0xFFFF *** commented out until I can get the trap handler (and spike for time interrupts) to work correctly with interrupts
+
+
+// CAUSE_INSTR_ADDR_MISALIGNED //skipped becuase this exception may be impossible when compressed instructions are enabled)
+CAUSE_INSTR_ACCESS
+CAUSE_ILLEGAL_INSTR
+CAUSE_BREAKPNT
+CAUSE_LOAD_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_LOAD_ACC
+CAUSE_STORE_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_STORE_ACC
+CAUSE_ECALL
+
+// CAUSE_TIME_INTERRUPT *** intentionally causing this trap seems difficult in spike. although it is possible for it to accidentally happen. 
+// CAUSE_SOFT_INTERRUPT *** exiting out of the trap handler after these is current;y broken
+// CAUSE_EXT_INTERRUPT
+
+
+// Now delegate all traps to S mode and attempt them again, ensuring they now go to the S mode trap handler
+// We can tell which one becuase the different trap handler modes write different bits of the status register 
+// to the output when debug is on.
+
+GOTO_M_MODE // so we can write the delegate registers
+
+WRITE_READ_CSR medeleg, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+WRITE_READ_CSR mideleg, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+
+GOTO_S_MODE
+
+// CAUSE_INSTR_ADDR_MISALIGNED //skipped becuase this exception may be impossible when compressed instructions are enabled)
+CAUSE_INSTR_ACCESS
+CAUSE_ILLEGAL_INSTR
+CAUSE_BREAKPNT
+CAUSE_LOAD_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_LOAD_ACC
+CAUSE_STORE_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_STORE_ACC
+CAUSE_ECALL
+
+// CAUSE_TIME_INTERRUPT *** intentionally causing this trap seems difficult in spike. although it is possible for it to accidentally happen. 
+// CAUSE_SOFT_INTERRUPT *** exiting out of the trap handler after these is current;y broken
+// CAUSE_EXT_INTERRUPT
+
+END_TESTS
+
+TEST_STACK_AND_DATA
+
diff --git a/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-u-01.S b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-u-01.S
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..498c2ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-u-01.S
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// WALLY-trap-u
+//
+// Author: Kip Macsai-Goren <kmacsaigoren@g.hmc.edu>
+//
+// Created 2022-03-11
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 Harvey Mudd College & Oklahoma State University
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+// modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+// is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+// BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT
+// OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+///////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include "WALLY-TEST-LIB-64.h"
+
+INIT_TESTS
+
+// test 5.3.1.4 Basic trap tests 
+
+TRAP_HANDLER m, DEBUG=1 // turn on recording mtval and status bits on traps
+TRAP_HANDLER s, DEBUG=1 // have S mode trap handler as well
+
+// Like WALLY-trap, cause all the same traps from U mode and make sure they go to machine mode with zeroed mideleg, medeleg
+
+GOTO_U_MODE
+
+// li x28, 0x8
+// csrs sstatus, x28 // set sstatus.MIE bit to 1 // *** might be unneccessary for s mode
+// WRITE_READ_CSR mie, 0xFFFF *** commented out until I can get the trap handler (and spike for time interrupts) to work correctly with interrupts
+
+
+// CAUSE_INSTR_ADDR_MISALIGNED //skipped becuase this exception may be impossible when compressed instructions are enabled)
+CAUSE_INSTR_ACCESS
+CAUSE_ILLEGAL_INSTR
+CAUSE_BREAKPNT
+CAUSE_LOAD_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_LOAD_ACC
+CAUSE_STORE_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_STORE_ACC
+CAUSE_ECALL
+
+// CAUSE_TIME_INTERRUPT *** intentionally causing this trap seems difficult in spike. although it is possible for it to accidentally happen. 
+// CAUSE_SOFT_INTERRUPT *** exiting out of the trap handler after these is current;y broken
+// CAUSE_EXT_INTERRUPT
+
+
+// Now delegate all traps to S mode and attempt them again, ensuring they now go to the S mode trap handler
+// We can tell which one becuase the different trap handler modes write different bits of the status register 
+// to the output when debug is on.
+
+GOTO_M_MODE // so we can write the delegate registers
+
+WRITE_READ_CSR medeleg, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+WRITE_READ_CSR mideleg, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+
+GOTO_U_MODE
+
+// CAUSE_INSTR_ADDR_MISALIGNED //skipped becuase this exception may be impossible when compressed instructions are enabled)
+CAUSE_INSTR_ACCESS
+CAUSE_ILLEGAL_INSTR
+CAUSE_BREAKPNT
+CAUSE_LOAD_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_LOAD_ACC
+CAUSE_STORE_ADDR_MISALIGNED
+CAUSE_STORE_ACC
+CAUSE_ECALL
+
+// CAUSE_TIME_INTERRUPT *** intentionally causing this trap seems difficult in spike. although it is possible for it to accidentally happen. 
+// CAUSE_SOFT_INTERRUPT *** exiting out of the trap handler after these is current;y broken
+// CAUSE_EXT_INTERRUPT
+
+END_TESTS
+
+TEST_STACK_AND_DATA