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Merge pull request #169 from davidharrishmc/dev

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PMP Fix to issue 132
This commit is contained in:
Ross Thompson 2023-03-28 11:49:00 -05:00 committed by GitHub
commit e49cf8a028
17 changed files with 110 additions and 56 deletions
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4
src/mmu/mmu.sv
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@ -108,12 +108,12 @@ module mmu #(parameter TLB_ENTRIES = 8, IMMU = 0) (
.Cacheable, .Idempotent, .SelTIM,
.PMAInstrAccessFaultF, .PMALoadAccessFaultM, .PMAStoreAmoAccessFaultM);
if (`PMP_ENTRIES > 0)
if (`PMP_ENTRIES > 0) begin : pmp
pmpchecker pmpchecker(.PhysicalAddress, .PrivilegeModeW,
.PMPCFG_ARRAY_REGW, .PMPADDR_ARRAY_REGW,
.ExecuteAccessF, .WriteAccessM, .ReadAccessM,
.PMPInstrAccessFaultF, .PMPLoadAccessFaultM, .PMPStoreAmoAccessFaultM);
else begin
end else begin
assign PMPInstrAccessFaultF = 0;
assign PMPStoreAmoAccessFaultM = 0;
assign PMPLoadAccessFaultM = 0;

3
src/mmu/pmpadrdec.sv
View File

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module pmpadrdec (
input logic [`PA_BITS-3:0] PMPAdr,
input logic PAgePMPAdrIn,
output logic PAgePMPAdrOut,
output logic Match, Active,
output logic Match,
output logic L, X, W, R
);
@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ module pmpadrdec (
assign X = PMPCfg[2];
assign W = PMPCfg[1];
assign R = PMPCfg[0];
assign Active = |PMPCfg[4:3];
// known bug: The size of the access is not yet checked. For example, if an NA4 entry matches 0xC-0xF and the system
// attempts an 8-byte access to 0x8, the access should fail (see page 60 of privileged specification 20211203). This

10
src/mmu/pmpchecker.sv
View File

@ -53,25 +53,23 @@ module pmpchecker (
logic EnforcePMP; // should PMP be checked in this privilege level
logic [`PMP_ENTRIES-1:0] Match; // physical address matches one of the pmp ranges
logic [`PMP_ENTRIES-1:0] FirstMatch; // onehot encoding for the first pmpaddr to match the current address.
logic [`PMP_ENTRIES-1:0] Active; // PMP register i is non-null
logic [`PMP_ENTRIES-1:0] L, X, W, R; // PMP matches and has flag set
logic [`PMP_ENTRIES-1:0] PAgePMPAdr; // for TOR PMP matching, PhysicalAddress > PMPAdr[i]
if (`PMP_ENTRIES > 0) // prevent complaints about array of no elements when PMP_ENTRIES = 0
if (`PMP_ENTRIES > 0) begin: pmp // prevent complaints about array of no elements when PMP_ENTRIES = 0
pmpadrdec pmpadrdecs[`PMP_ENTRIES-1:0](
.PhysicalAddress,
.PMPCfg(PMPCFG_ARRAY_REGW),
.PMPAdr(PMPADDR_ARRAY_REGW),
.PAgePMPAdrIn({PAgePMPAdr[`PMP_ENTRIES-2:0], 1'b1}),
.PAgePMPAdrOut(PAgePMPAdr),
.Match, .Active, .L, .X, .W, .R);
.Match, .L, .X, .W, .R);
end
priorityonehot #(`PMP_ENTRIES) pmppriority(.a(Match), .y(FirstMatch)); // combine the match signal from all the adress decoders to find the first one that matches.
// Only enforce PMP checking for S and U modes or in Machine mode when L bit is set in selected region
assign EnforcePMP = (PrivilegeModeW == `M_MODE) ? |(L & FirstMatch) : |Active;
// assign EnforcePMP = (PrivilegeModeW != `M_MODE) | |(L & FirstMatch); // *** switch to this logic when PMP is initialized for non-machine mode
// *** remove unused Active lines from pmpadrdecs
assign EnforcePMP = (PrivilegeModeW != `M_MODE) | |(L & FirstMatch); // *** switch to this logic when PMP is initialized for non-machine mode
assign PMPInstrAccessFaultF = EnforcePMP & ExecuteAccessF & ~|(X & FirstMatch) ;
assign PMPStoreAmoAccessFaultM = EnforcePMP & WriteAccessM & ~|(W & FirstMatch) ;

2
src/privileged/csrs.sv
View File

@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ module csrs #(parameter
SATP: if (`VIRTMEM_SUPPORTED & (PrivilegeModeW == `M_MODE | ~STATUS_TVM)) CSRSReadValM = SATP_REGW;
else begin
CSRSReadValM = 0;
if (PrivilegeModeW == `S_MODE & STATUS_TVM) IllegalCSRSAccessM = 1;
IllegalCSRSAccessM = 1;
end
SCOUNTEREN:CSRSReadValM = {{(`XLEN-32){1'b0}}, SCOUNTEREN_REGW};
STIMECMP: if (`SSTC_SUPPORTED & (PrivilegeModeW == `M_MODE | MCOUNTEREN_TM)) CSRSReadValM = STIMECMP_REGW[`XLEN-1:0];

2
testbench/testbench-fp.sv
View File

@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ module testbenchfp;
if (TEST === "cvtfp" | TEST === "cvtint" | TEST === "all") begin : fcvt
fcvt fcvt (.Xs(Xs), .Xe(Xe), .Xm(Xm), .Int(SrcA), .ToInt(WriteIntVal),
.XZero(XZero), .XSubnorm(XSubnorm), .OpCtrl(OpCtrlVal), .IntZero,
.XZero(XZero), .OpCtrl(OpCtrlVal), .IntZero,
.Fmt(ModFmt), .Ce(CvtCalcExpE), .ShiftAmt(CvtShiftAmtE), .ResSubnormUf(CvtResSubnormUfE), .Cs(CvtResSgnE), .LzcIn(CvtLzcInE));
end

2
testbench/tests-fp.vh
View File

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
// and limitations under the License.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
`define PATH "../../tests/fp/vectors/"
`define PATH "../tests/fp/vectors/"
`define ADD_OPCTRL 3'b110
`define MUL_OPCTRL 3'b100
`define SUB_OPCTRL 3'b111

17
testbench/tests.vh
View File

@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ string tvpaths[] = '{
`COVERAGE,
"ieu",
"ebu",
"csrwrites"
"csrwrites",
"priv"
};
string coremark[] = '{
@ -1963,17 +1964,19 @@ string arch64zbs[] = '{
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-trap-u-01.S",
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-wfi-01.S",
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-endianness-01.S",
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-satp-invalid-01.S"
};
string wally32periph[] = '{
`WALLYTEST,
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-periph-01.S",
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-satp-invalid-01.S",
// These peripherals are here instead of wally32periph because they don't work on rv32imc, which lacks a PMP register to configure
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-gpio-01.S",
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-clint-01.S",
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-uart-01.S",
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-plic-01.S",
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-plic-s-01.S"
};
string wally32periph[] = '{
`WALLYTEST,
"rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-periph-01.S"
};

4
tests/coverage/WALLY-init-lib.h
View File

@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ rvtest_entry_point:
la t0, topoftrapstack
csrw mscratch, t0 # MSCRATCH holds trap stack pointer
csrsi mstatus, 0x8 # Turn on mstatus.MIE global interrupt enable
# set up PMP so user and supervisor mode can access full address space
csrw pmpcfg0, 0xF # configure PMP0 to TOR RWX
li t0, 0xFFFFFFFF
csrw pmpaddr0, t0 # configure PMP0 top of range to 0xFFFFFFFF to allow all 32-bit addresses
j main # Call main function in user test program
done:

39
tests/coverage/priv.S Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
///////////////////////////////////////////
// priv.S
//
// Written: David_Harris@hmc.edu 23 March 2023
//
// Purpose: Test coverage for EBU
//
// A component of the CORE-V-WALLY configurable RISC-V project.
//
// Copyright (C) 2021-23 Harvey Mudd College & Oklahoma State University
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH SHL-2.1
//
// Licensed under the Solderpad Hardware License v 2.1 (the “License”); you may not use this file
// except in compliance with the License, or, at your option, the Apache License version 2.0. You
// may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// https://solderpad.org/licenses/SHL-2.1/
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, any work distributed under the
// License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
// either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions
// and limitations under the License.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// load code to initalize stack, handle interrupts, terminate
#include "WALLY-init-lib.h"
main:
# switch to supervisor mode
li a0, 1
ecall
# Test read to stimecmp fails when MCOUNTEREN_TM is not set
addi t0, zero, 0
csrr t0, stimecmp
j done

12
tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv32i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-01.reference_output
View File

@ -6,16 +6,16 @@
00000000 # mtval of faulting instruction (0x0)
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000003 # mcause from Breakpoint
8000015c # mtval of breakpoint instruction adress
80000168 # mtval of breakpoint instruction adress
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000004 # mcause from load address misaligned
80000165 # mtval of misaligned address
80000171 # mtval of misaligned address
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000005 # mcause from load access
00000000 # mtval of accessed adress (0x0)
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000006 # mcause from store misaligned
8000017d # mtval of address with misaligned store instr
80000189 # mtval of address with misaligned store instr
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000007 # mcause from store access
00000000 # mtval of accessed address (0x0)
@ -62,16 +62,16 @@ fffff7ff # medeleg after attempted write of all 1's (only some bits are writeabl
00000000 # mtval of faulting instruction (0x0)
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000003 # mcause from Breakpoint
8000015c # mtval of breakpoint instruction adress
80000168 # mtval of breakpoint instruction adress
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000004 # mcause from load address misaligned
80000165 # mtval of misaligned address
80000171 # mtval of misaligned address
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000005 # mcause from load access
00000000 # mtval of accessed adress (0x0)
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000006 # mcause from store misaligned
8000017d # mtval of address with misaligned store instr
80000189 # mtval of address with misaligned store instr
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000007 # mcause from store access
00000000 # mtval of accessed address (0x0)

12
tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv32i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-s-01.reference_output
View File

@ -9,16 +9,16 @@
00000000 # stval of faulting instruction (0x0)
00000800 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 1, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000003 # scause from Breakpoint
8000015c # stval of breakpoint instruction adress
80000168 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress
00000800 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 1, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000004 # scause from load address misaligned
80000165 # stval of misaligned address
80000171 # stval of misaligned address
00000800 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 1, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000005 # scause from load access
00000000 # stval of accessed adress (0x0)
00000800 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 1, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000006 # scause from store misaligned
8000017d # stval of address with misaligned store instr
80000189 # stval of address with misaligned store instr
00000800 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 1, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000007 # scause from store access
00000000 # stval of accessed address (0x0)
@ -60,16 +60,16 @@ fffff7ff # medeleg after attempted write of all 1's (only some bits are writeabl
00000000 # stval of faulting instruction (0x0)
00000120 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 1, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000003 # scause from Breakpoint
8000015c # stval of breakpoint instruction adress
80000168 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress
00000120 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 1, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000004 # scause from load address misaligned
80000165 # stval of misaligned address
80000171 # stval of misaligned address
00000120 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 1, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000005 # scause from load access
00000000 # stval of accessed adress (0x0)
00000120 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 1, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000006 # scause from store misaligned
8000017d # stval of address with misaligned store instr
80000189 # stval of address with misaligned store instr
00000120 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 1, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000007 # scause from store access
00000000 # stval of accessed address (0x0)

12
tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv32i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-u-01.reference_output
View File

@ -9,16 +9,16 @@
00000000 # stval of faulting instruction (0x0)
00000000 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 0, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000003 # scause from Breakpoint
8000015c # stval of breakpoint instruction adress
80000168 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress
00000000 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 0, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000004 # scause from load address misaligned
80000165 # stval of misaligned address
80000171 # stval of misaligned address
00000000 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 0, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000005 # scause from load access
00000000 # stval of accessed adress (0x0)
00000000 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 0, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000006 # scause from store misaligned
8000017d # stval of address with misaligned store instr
80000189 # stval of address with misaligned store instr
00000000 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 0, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000007 # scause from store access
00000000 # stval of accessed address (0x0)
@ -57,16 +57,16 @@ fffff7ff # medeleg after attempted write of all 1's (only some bits are writeabl
00000000 # stval of faulting instruction (0x0)
00000020 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 0, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000003 # scause from Breakpoint
8000015c # stval of breakpoint instruction adress
80000168 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress
00000020 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 0, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000004 # scause from load address misaligned
80000165 # stval of misaligned address
80000171 # stval of misaligned address
00000020 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 0, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000005 # scause from load access
00000000 # stval of accessed adress (0x0)
00000020 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 0, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000006 # scause from store misaligned
8000017d # stval of address with misaligned store instr
80000189 # stval of address with misaligned store instr
00000020 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 0, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000007 # scause from store access
00000000 # stval of accessed address (0x0)

6
tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv32i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-TEST-LIB-32.h
View File

@ -55,6 +55,12 @@ RVTEST_CODE_BEGIN
csrw sscratch, sp
la sp, stack_top
// set up PMP so user and supervisor mode can access full address space
csrw pmpcfg0, 0xF # configure PMP0 to TOR RWX
li t0, 0xFFFFFFFF
csrw pmpaddr0, t0 # configure PMP0 top of range to 0xFFFFFFFF to allow all 32-bit addresses
.endm
// Code to trigger traps goes here so we have consistent mtvals for instruction adresses

12
tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-01.reference_output
View File

@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
00000000
00000003 # mcause from Breakpoint
00000000
800003f4 # mtval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
80000408 # mtval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
00000000
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
00000004 # mcause from load address misaligned
00000000
800003fd # mtval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
80000411 # mtval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
00000000
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
00000000
00000006 # mcause from store misaligned
00000000
80000415 # mtval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
80000429 # mtval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
00000000
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
@ -126,13 +126,13 @@ ffffffff
00000000
00000003 # mcause from Breakpoint
00000000
800003f4 # mtval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
80000408 # mtval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
00000000
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
00000004 # mcause from load address misaligned
00000000
800003fd # mtval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
80000411 # mtval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
00000000
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ ffffffff
00000000
00000006 # mcause from store misaligned
00000000
80000415 # mtval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
80000429 # mtval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
00000000
00001880 # masked out mstatus.MPP = 11, mstatus.MPIE = 1, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000

12
tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-s-01.reference_output
View File

@ -20,13 +20,13 @@
00000000
00000003 # scause from Breakpoint
00000000
800003f4 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
80000408 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
00000000
00000800 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 1, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
00000004 # scause from load address misaligned
00000000
800003fd # stval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
80000411 # stval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
00000000
00000800 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 1, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
00000000
00000006 # scause from store misaligned
00000000
80000415 # stval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
80000429 # stval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
00000000
00000800 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 1, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
@ -122,13 +122,13 @@ ffffffff
00000000
00000003 # scause from Breakpoint
00000000
800003f4 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
80000408 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
00000000
00000120 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 1, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000000
00000004 # scause from load address misaligned
00000000
800003fd # stval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
80000411 # stval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
00000000
00000120 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 1, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000000
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ ffffffff
00000000
00000006 # scause from store misaligned
00000000
80000415 # stval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
80000429 # stval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
00000000
00000120 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 1, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000000

12
tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/references/WALLY-trap-u-01.reference_output
View File

@ -20,13 +20,13 @@
00000000
00000003 # scause from Breakpoint
00000000
800003f4 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
80000408 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
00000000
00000000 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 0, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
00000004 # scause from load address misaligned
00000000
800003fd # stval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
80000411 # stval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
00000000
00000000 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 0, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
00000000
00000006 # scause from store misaligned
00000000
80000415 # stval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
80000429 # stval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
00000000
00000000 # masked out mstatus.mpp = 0, mstatus.MPIE = 0, and mstatus.MIE = 0
00000000
@ -116,13 +116,13 @@ ffffffff
00000000
00000003 # scause from Breakpoint
00000000
800003f4 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
80000408 # stval of breakpoint instruction adress (0x80000400)
00000000
00000020 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 0, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000000
00000004 # scause from load address misaligned
00000000
800003fd # stval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
80000411 # stval of misaligned address (0x80000409)
00000000
00000020 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 0, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000000
@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ ffffffff
00000000
00000006 # scause from store misaligned
00000000
80000415 # stval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
80000429 # stval of address with misaligned store instr (0x80000421)
00000000
00000020 # masked out sstatus.SPP = 0, sstatus.SPIE = 1, and sstatus.SIE = 0
00000000

5
tests/wally-riscv-arch-test/riscv-test-suite/rv64i_m/privilege/src/WALLY-TEST-LIB-64.h
View File

@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ RVTEST_CODE_BEGIN
csrw sscratch, sp
la sp, stack_top
// set up PMP so user and supervisor mode can access full address space
csrw pmpcfg0, 0xF # configure PMP0 to TOR RWX
li t0, 0xFFFFFFFF
csrw pmpaddr0, t0 # configure PMP0 top of range to 0xFFFFFFFF to allow all 32-bit addresses
.endm
// Code to trigger traps goes here so we have consistent mtvals for instruction adresses