diff --git a/bin/wally-tool-chain-install.sh b/bin/wally-tool-chain-install.sh
index 6e7e4c8e9..74157bffa 100755
--- a/bin/wally-tool-chain-install.sh
+++ b/bin/wally-tool-chain-install.sh
@@ -69,9 +69,6 @@ fi
 cd $RISCV
 git clone https://github.com/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain
 cd riscv-gnu-toolchain
-# Temporarily use the following commands until gcc-13 is part of riscv-gnu-toolchain (issue #1249)
-#git clone https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc -b releases/gcc-13 gcc-13
-#./configure --prefix=/opt/riscv --with-multilib-generator="rv32e-ilp32e--;rv32i-ilp32--;rv32im-ilp32--;rv32iac-ilp32--;rv32imac-ilp32--;rv32imafc-ilp32f--;rv32imafdc-ilp32d--;rv64i-lp64--;rv64ic-lp64--;rv64iac-lp64--;rv64imac-lp64--;rv64imafdc-lp64d--;rv64im-lp64--;" --with-gcc-src=`pwd`/gcc-13
 ./configure --prefix=${RISCV} --with-multilib-generator="rv32e-ilp32e--;rv32i-ilp32--;rv32im-ilp32--;rv32iac-ilp32--;rv32imac-ilp32--;rv32imafc-ilp32f--;rv32imafdc-ilp32d--;rv64i-lp64--;rv64ic-lp64--;rv64iac-lp64--;rv64imac-lp64--;rv64imafdc-lp64d--;rv64im-lp64--;"
 make -j ${NUM_THREADS}
 
@@ -111,14 +108,15 @@ cd riscv-isa-sim/build
 make -j ${NUM_THREADS}
 make install 
 cd ../arch_test_target/spike/device
-sed -i 's/--isa=rv32ic/--isa=rv32iac/' rv32i_m/privilege/Makefile.include
-sed -i 's/--isa=rv64ic/--isa=rv64iac/' rv64i_m/privilege/Makefile.include
+# dh 2/5/24: these should be obsolete
+#sed -i 's/--isa=rv32ic/--isa=rv32iac/' rv32i_m/privilege/Makefile.include
+#sed -i 's/--isa=rv64ic/--isa=rv64iac/' rv64i_m/privilege/Makefile.include
 
 # Wally needs Verilator 5.021 or later.
 # Verilator needs to be built from scratch to get the latest version
 # apt-get install verilator installs version 4.028 as of 6/8/23
 sudo apt-get install -y perl g++ ccache help2man libgoogle-perftools-dev numactl perl-doc zlib1g 
-sudo apt-get install -y libfl2  libfl-dev  # Ubuntu only (ignore if gives error)
+sudo apt-get install -y perl g++ ccache help2man libgoogle-perftools-dev numactl perl-doc zlib1g 
 cd $RISCV
 git clone https://github.com/verilator/verilator   # Only first time
 # unsetenv VERILATOR_ROOT  # For csh; ignore error if on bash
@@ -173,6 +171,8 @@ sudo make install
 
 cd $RISCV
 opam init -y --disable-sandboxing
+opam update
+opam upgrade
 opam switch create 5.1.0
 opam install sail -y 
 
diff --git a/config/shared/config-shared.vh b/config/shared/config-shared.vh
index be5543967..dd766f2fd 100644
--- a/config/shared/config-shared.vh
+++ b/config/shared/config-shared.vh
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ localparam LOGR        = $clog2(RADIX);                             // r = log(R
 localparam RK          = LOGR*DIVCOPIES;                            // r*k bits per cycle generated
 
 // intermediate division parameters not directly used in fdivsqrt hardware
-localparam FPDIVMINb   = NF + 3; // minimum length of fractional part: Nf result bits + guard and round bits + 1 extra bit to allow sqrt being shifted right
+localparam FPDIVMINb   = NF + 2; // minimum length of fractional part: Nf result bits + guard and round bits + 1 extra bit to allow sqrt being shifted right
 //localparam FPDIVMINb   = NF + 2 + (RADIX == 2); // minimum length of fractional part: Nf result bits + guard and round bits + 1 extra bit for preshifting radix2 square root right, if radix4 doesn't use a right shift.  This version saves one cycle on double-precision with R=4,k=4.  However, it doesn't work yet because C is too short, so k is incorrectly calculated as a 1 in the lsb after the last step.
 localparam DIVMINb     = ((FPDIVMINb<XLEN) & IDIV_ON_FPU) ? XLEN : FPDIVMINb; // minimum fractional bits b = max(XLEN, FPDIVMINb)
 localparam RESBITS     = DIVMINb + LOGR; // number of bits in a result: r integer + b fractional
diff --git a/src/cache/cacheLRU.sv b/src/cache/cacheLRU.sv
index 2d59ccfd7..44d64775c 100644
--- a/src/cache/cacheLRU.sv
+++ b/src/cache/cacheLRU.sv
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ module cacheLRU
   // This is a two port memory.
   // Every cycle must read from CacheSetData and each load/store must write the new LRU.
   always_ff @(posedge clk) begin
-    if (reset) for (int set = 0; set < NUMLINES; set++) LRUMemory[set] <= '0; // exclusion-tag: initialize
+    if (reset | (InvalidateCache & ~FlushStage)) 
+      for (int set = 0; set < NUMLINES; set++) LRUMemory[set] <= '0; // exclusion-tag: initialize
     if(CacheEn) begin
       if(LRUWriteEn)
         LRUMemory[PAdr] <= NextLRU;
diff --git a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtcycles.sv b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtcycles.sv
index 2649632eb..72fe04249 100644
--- a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtcycles.sv
+++ b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtcycles.sv
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ module fdivsqrtcycles import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
   // The datapath produces rk bits per cycle, so Cycles = ceil (ResultBitsE / rk)
 
   always_comb begin 
-    if (SqrtE) FPResultBitsE = Nf + 2 + 0; // Nf + two fractional bits for round/guard; integer bit implicit because starting at n=1
-    else       FPResultBitsE = Nf + 2 + P.LOGR; // Nf + two fractional bits for round/guard + integer bits 
+    FPResultBitsE = Nf + 2 + P.LOGR; // Nf + two fractional bits for round/guard; integer bit implicit because starting at n=1
 
     if (P.IDIV_ON_FPU) ResultBitsE = IntDivE ? IntResultBitsE : FPResultBitsE;
     else               ResultBitsE = FPResultBitsE;
diff --git a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtiter.sv b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtiter.sv
index 20f88b6cb..4bfcebcd1 100644
--- a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtiter.sv
+++ b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtiter.sv
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ module fdivsqrtiter import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
   logic [P.DIVb+3:0]      WCNext[P.DIVCOPIES-1:0]; // Q4.DIVb
   logic [P.DIVb+3:0]      WS[P.DIVCOPIES:0];       // Q4.DIVb
   logic [P.DIVb+3:0]      WC[P.DIVCOPIES:0];       // Q4.DIVb
-  logic [P.DIVb:0]        U[P.DIVCOPIES:0];        // U1.DIVb
+  logic [P.DIVb:0]        U[P.DIVCOPIES:0];        // U1.DIVb // *** probably Q not U.  See Table 16.26 notes
   logic [P.DIVb:0]        UM[P.DIVCOPIES:0];       // U1.DIVb
   logic [P.DIVb:0]        UNext[P.DIVCOPIES-1:0];  // U1.DIVb
   logic [P.DIVb:0]        UMNext[P.DIVCOPIES-1:0]; // U1.DIVb
@@ -71,24 +71,18 @@ module fdivsqrtiter import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
   flopen #(P.DIVb+4) wcreg(clk, FDivBusyE, WCN, WC[0]);
 
   // UOTFC Result U and UM registers/initialization mux
-  // Initialize U to 1.0 and UM to 0 for square root; U to 0 and UM to -1 otherwise
-  assign initU  = {SqrtE, {(P.DIVb){1'b0}}};
-  assign initUM = {~SqrtE, {(P.DIVb){1'b0}}};
+  // Initialize U to 0 = 0.0000... and UM to -1 = 1.00000... (in Q1.Divb)
+  assign initU  ={(P.DIVb+1){1'b0}};
+  assign initUM = {{1'b1}, {(P.DIVb){1'b0}}};
   mux2   #(P.DIVb+1)  Umux(UNext[P.DIVCOPIES-1],  initU,  IFDivStartE, UMux);
   mux2   #(P.DIVb+1) UMmux(UMNext[P.DIVCOPIES-1], initUM, IFDivStartE, UMMux);
   flopen #(P.DIVb+1)  UReg(clk, FDivBusyE, UMux,  U[0]);
   flopen #(P.DIVb+1) UMReg(clk, FDivBusyE, UMMux, UM[0]);
 
-  // C register/initialization mux
-  // Initialize C to -1 for sqrt and -R for division
-  logic [1:0] initCUpper;
-  if(P.RADIX == 4) begin
-    mux2 #(2) cuppermux4(2'b00, 2'b11, SqrtE, initCUpper);
-  end else begin
-    mux2 #(2) cuppermux2(2'b10, 2'b11, SqrtE, initCUpper);
-  end
-  
-  assign initC = {initCUpper, {P.DIVb{1'b0}}};
+  // C register/initialization mux: C = -R:
+  // C = -4 = 00.000000... (in Q2.DIVb) for radix 4, C = -2 = 10.000000... for radix2
+  if(P.RADIX == 4) assign initC = '0;
+  else             assign initC = {2'b10, {{P.DIVb{1'b0}}}};
   mux2   #(P.DIVb+2) cmux(C[P.DIVCOPIES], initC, IFDivStartE, NextC); 
   flopen #(P.DIVb+2) creg(clk, FDivBusyE, NextC, C[0]);
 
@@ -108,9 +102,7 @@ module fdivsqrtiter import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
           .WS(WS[i]), .WC(WC[i]), .WSNext(WSNext[i]), .WCNext(WCNext[i]),
           .C(C[i]), .U(U[i]), .UM(UM[i]), .CNext(C[i+1]), .UNext(UNext[i]), .UMNext(UMNext[i]), .un(un[i]));
       end else begin: stage
-        logic j1;
-        assign j1 = (i == 0 & ~C[0][P.DIVb-1]);
-        fdivsqrtstage4 #(P) fdivsqrtstage(.D, .DBar, .D2, .DBar2, .SqrtE, .j1,
+        fdivsqrtstage4 #(P) fdivsqrtstage(.D, .DBar, .D2, .DBar2, .SqrtE, 
           .WS(WS[i]), .WC(WC[i]), .WSNext(WSNext[i]), .WCNext(WCNext[i]), 
           .C(C[i]), .U(U[i]), .UM(UM[i]), .CNext(C[i+1]), .UNext(UNext[i]), .UMNext(UMNext[i]), .un(un[i]));
       end
diff --git a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtpreproc.sv b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtpreproc.sv
index 1c56e04e5..0f0273c25 100644
--- a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtpreproc.sv
+++ b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtpreproc.sv
@@ -174,9 +174,7 @@ module fdivsqrtpreproc import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
 
   logic [P.DIVb:0] PreSqrtX;
   assign EvenExp = Xe[0] ^ ell[0]; // effective unbiased exponent after normalization is even
-  mux2 #(P.DIVb+1) sqrtxmux(Xnorm, {1'b0, Xnorm[P.DIVb:1]}, EvenExp, PreSqrtX); // X if exponent odd, X/2 if exponent even
-  if (P.RADIX == 2) assign SqrtX = {3'b111, PreSqrtX};                          // PreSqrtX - 2 = 2(PreSqrtX/2 - 1)
-  else              assign SqrtX = {2'b11, PreSqrtX, 1'b0};                     // 2PreSqrtX - 4 = 4(PreSqrtX/2 - 1) 
+  mux2 #(P.DIVb+4) sqrtxmux({4'b0,Xnorm[P.DIVb:1]}, {5'b00, Xnorm[P.DIVb:2]}, EvenExp, SqrtX); // X/2 if exponent odd, X/4 if exponent even
 
 /*  
   // Attempt to optimize radix 4 to use a left shift by 1 or zero initially, followed by no more left shift
diff --git a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtstage4.sv b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtstage4.sv
index 0d7a722ff..856273a5e 100644
--- a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtstage4.sv
+++ b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtstage4.sv
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ module fdivsqrtstage4 import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
   input  logic [P.DIVb:0]   U,UM,               // U1.DIVb
   input  logic [P.DIVb+3:0] WS, WC,             // Q4.DIVb
   input  logic [P.DIVb+1:0] C,                  // Q2.DIVb
-  input  logic              SqrtE, j1,
+  input  logic              SqrtE, 
   output logic [P.DIVb+1:0] CNext,              // Q2.DIVb
   output logic              un,
   output logic [P.DIVb:0]   UNext, UMNext,      // U1.DIVb
@@ -48,13 +48,16 @@ module fdivsqrtstage4 import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
   logic [7:0]               WCmsbs, WSmsbs;     // U4.4
   logic                     CarryIn;
   logic [P.DIVb+3:0]        WSA, WCA;           // Q4.DIVb
+  logic j0, j1;                                 // step j = 0 or step j = 1
 
   // Digit Selection logic
+  assign j0     = ~C[P.DIVb+1];             // first step of R digit selection: C = 00...0
+  assign j1     = C[P.DIVb] & ~C[P.DIVb-1]; // second step of R digit selection: C = 1100...0; *** could simplify to ~C[P.DIVb-1] because j=0 case takes priority
   assign Smsbs  = U[P.DIVb:P.DIVb-4];       // U1.4 most significant bits of square root
   assign Dmsbs  = D[P.DIVb-1:P.DIVb-3];     // U0.3 most significant fractional bits of divisor after leading 1
   assign WCmsbs = WC[P.DIVb+3:P.DIVb-4];    // Q4.4 most significant bits of residual
   assign WSmsbs = WS[P.DIVb+3:P.DIVb-4];    // Q4.4 most significant bits of residual
-  fdivsqrtuslc4cmp uslc4(.Dmsbs, .Smsbs, .WSmsbs, .WCmsbs, .SqrtE, .j1, .udigit);
+  fdivsqrtuslc4cmp uslc4(.Dmsbs, .Smsbs, .WSmsbs, .WCmsbs, .SqrtE, .j0, .j1, .udigit);
   assign un = 1'b0; // unused for radix 4
 
   // F generation logic
diff --git a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtuslc4.sv b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtuslc4.sv
index 63ea5aae2..610b79395 100644
--- a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtuslc4.sv
+++ b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtuslc4.sv
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ module fdivsqrtuslc4 (
   input  logic [2:0] Dmsbs,             // U0.3 fractional bits after implicit leading 1
   input  logic [4:0] Smsbs,             // U1.4 leading bits of square root approximation
   input  logic [7:0] WSmsbs, WCmsbs,    // Q4.4 redundant residual most significant bits
-  input  logic       Sqrt, j1,
+  input  logic       Sqrt, j0, j1,
   output logic [3:0] udigit             // {2, 1, -1, -2} digit is 0 if none are hot
 );
   logic [7:0] PreWmsbs;                 // Q4.4 nonredundant residual msbs
@@ -102,11 +102,12 @@ module fdivsqrtuslc4 (
   // Select A
   always_comb
     if (Sqrt) begin 
-      if (j1) A = 3'b101;                       // on first sqrt iteration        A = .101
-      else if (Smsbs == 5'b10000) A = 3'b111;   // if S = 1.0, use                A = .111
-      else A = Smsbs[2:0];                      // otherwise use                  A = 2S (in U0.3 format)
-    end else A = Dmsbs;                         // division Unless                A = D (IN U0.3 format, dropping leading 1)
+      if (j1)                 A = 3'b101;     // on first sqrt iteration        A = .101
+      else if (Smsbs[4] == 1) A = 3'b111;     // if S = 1.0000, use             A = .111
+      else                    A = Smsbs[2:0]; // otherwise use                  A = 2S (in U0.3 format)
+    end else                  A = Dmsbs;      // division                       A = D (IN U0.3 format, dropping leading 1)
 
   // Select quotient digit from lookup table based on A and W
-  assign udigit = USel4[{A,Wmsbs}];
+  // On step j = 0 for square root, always select u_0 = 1
+  assign udigit = (Sqrt & j0) ? 4'b0100 : USel4[{A,Wmsbs}];
 endmodule
diff --git a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtuslc4cmp.sv b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtuslc4cmp.sv
index c0cbe9b1c..fef26668c 100644
--- a/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtuslc4cmp.sv
+++ b/src/fpu/fdivsqrt/fdivsqrtuslc4cmp.sv
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ module fdivsqrtuslc4cmp (
   input  logic [2:0] Dmsbs,             // U0.3 fractional bits after implicit leading 1
   input  logic [4:0] Smsbs,             // U1.4 leading bits of square root approximation
   input  logic [7:0] WSmsbs, WCmsbs,    // Q4.4 residual most significant bits
-  input  logic       SqrtE, j1,
+  input  logic       SqrtE, 
+  input  logic       j0, j1,            // are we on first (j0) or second step (j1) of digit selection
   output logic [3:0] udigit             // {2, 1, -1, -2} digit is 0 if none are hot
 );
   logic [6:0] Wmsbs;
@@ -46,7 +47,9 @@ module fdivsqrtuslc4cmp (
   // Wmsbs = |        |
 
   logic [6:0] mk2, mk1, mk0, mkm1;
+  logic [6:0] mkj2, mkj1, mkj0, mkjm1;
   logic [6:0] mks2[7:0], mks1[7:0]; 
+  logic sqrtspecial;
 
   // Prepopulate table of mks0
   assign mks2[0] = 12;
@@ -65,20 +68,25 @@ module fdivsqrtuslc4cmp (
   assign mks1[5] = 8; // is the logic any cheaper if this is a 6?
   assign mks1[6] = 8;
   assign mks1[7] = 8;
+  
+  // handles special case when j = 0 or j = 1 for sqrt
+  assign mkj2 = 20; // when j = 1 use mk2[101] when j = 0 use anything bigger than 7.
+  assign mkj1 = j0 ? 0 : 8; // when j = 1 use mk1[101] = 8 and when j = 0 use 0 so we choose u_0 = 1
+  assign sqrtspecial = SqrtE & (j1 | j0);
 
-  // Choose A for current operation
+  // Choose A for current operation 
  always_comb
     if (SqrtE) begin 
-      if (j1) A = 3'b101;
-      else if (Smsbs == 5'b10000) A = 3'b111;
+      if (Smsbs[4]) A = 3'b111; // for S = 1.0000  *** can we optimize away this case?
       else A = Smsbs[2:0];
     end else A = Dmsbs;
-
+    
   // Choose selection constants based on a
-  assign mk2 = mks2[A];
-  assign mk1 = mks1[A];
-  assign mk0 = -mks1[A];
-  assign mkm1 = (A == 3'b000) ? -13 : -mks2[A]; // asymmetry in table
+  
+  assign mk2 = sqrtspecial ? mkj2 : mks2[A];
+  assign mk1 = sqrtspecial ? mkj1 : mks1[A];
+  assign mk0 = -mk1;
+  assign mkm1 = (A == 3'b000) ? -13 : -mk2; // asymmetry in table *** can we hide from critical path
  
   // Compare residual W to selection constants to choose digit
   always_comb 
diff --git a/src/generic/flop/floprc.sv b/src/generic/flop/floprc.sv
deleted file mode 100644
index 59f2e2862..000000000
--- a/src/generic/flop/floprc.sv
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-///////////////////////////////////////////
-// floprc.sv
-//
-// Written: David_Harris@hmc.edu 9 January 2021
-// Modified: 
-//
-// Purpose: D flip-flop with synchronous reset and clear
-//
-// A component of the CORE-V-WALLY configurable RISC-V project.
-// https://github.com/openhwgroup/cvw
-// 
-// Copyright (C) 2021-23 Harvey Mudd College & Oklahoma State University
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH SHL-2.1
-//
-// Licensed under the Solderpad Hardware License v 2.1 (the “License”); you may not use this file 
-// except in compliance with the License, or, at your option, the Apache License version 2.0. You 
-// may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-// https://solderpad.org/licenses/SHL-2.1/
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, any work distributed under the 
-// License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, 
-// either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions 
-// and limitations under the License.
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-module floprc #(parameter WIDTH = 8) (
-  input  logic clk,
-  input  logic reset,
-  input  logic clear,
-  input  logic [WIDTH-1:0] d, 
-  output logic [WIDTH-1:0] q);
-
-  always_ff @(posedge clk)
-    if (reset | clear ) q <= #1 0;
-    else                q <= #1 d;
-endmodule
diff --git a/src/generic/mem/ram1p1rwbe.sv b/src/generic/mem/ram1p1rwbe.sv
index ccfce5da2..186fb9c5a 100644
--- a/src/generic/mem/ram1p1rwbe.sv
+++ b/src/generic/mem/ram1p1rwbe.sv
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ module ram1p1rwbe import cvw::*; #(parameter USE_SRAM=0, DEPTH=64, WIDTH=44, PRE
   output logic [WIDTH-1:0]        dout
 );
 
-  logic [WIDTH-1:0]               RAM[DEPTH-1:0];
+  bit [WIDTH-1:0]               RAM[DEPTH-1:0];
 
   // ***************************************************************************
   // TRUE SRAM macro
diff --git a/src/generic/mem/ram1p1rwe.sv b/src/generic/mem/ram1p1rwe.sv
index ebe7e336b..2d8fede16 100644
--- a/src/generic/mem/ram1p1rwe.sv
+++ b/src/generic/mem/ram1p1rwe.sv
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ module ram1p1rwe import cvw::* ; #(parameter USE_SRAM=0, DEPTH=64, WIDTH=44) (
   output logic [WIDTH-1:0]        dout
 );
 
-  logic [WIDTH-1:0]               RAM[DEPTH-1:0];
+  bit [WIDTH-1:0]               RAM[DEPTH-1:0];
 
   // ***************************************************************************
   // TRUE SRAM macro
diff --git a/src/mmu/hptw.sv b/src/mmu/hptw.sv
index 0823dc7e0..4e292ba3d 100644
--- a/src/mmu/hptw.sv
+++ b/src/mmu/hptw.sv
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ module hptw import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
   flopenr #(1) TLBMissMReg(clk, reset, StartWalk, DTLBMissOrUpdateDAM, DTLBWalk); // when walk begins, record whether it was for DTLB (or record 0 for ITLB)
   assign PRegEn = HPTWRW[1] & ~DCacheBusStallM | UpdatePTE;
   flopenr #(P.XLEN) PTEReg(clk, reset, PRegEn, NextPTE, PTE); // Capture page table entry from data cache
+  assert property(@(posedge clk) ~PRegEn | reset | NextPTE[0] !== 1'bx); // report writing an x PTE from an uninitialized page table
 
   // Assign PTE descriptors common across all XLEN values
   // For non-leaf PTEs, D, A, U bits are reserved and ignored.  They do not cause faults while walking the page table
@@ -173,7 +174,8 @@ module hptw import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
     logic [P.XLEN-1:0]    AccessedPTE;
 
     assign AccessedPTE = {PTE[P.XLEN-1:8], (SetDirty | PTE[7]), 1'b1, PTE[5:0]}; // set accessed bit, conditionally set dirty bit
-    assign ReadDataNoXM = (ReadDataM[0] === 'x) ? '0 : ReadDataM; // If the PTE.V bit is x because it was read from uninitialized memory set to 0 to avoid x propagation and hanging the simulation.
+    //assign ReadDataNoXM = (ReadDataM[0] === 'x) ? '0 : ReadDataM; // If the PTE.V bit is x because it was read from uninitialized memory set to 0 to avoid x propagation and hanging the simulation.
+    assign ReadDataNoXM = ReadDataM; // *** temporary fix for synthesis; === and x in line above are not synthesizable.
     mux2 #(P.XLEN) NextPTEMux(ReadDataNoXM, AccessedPTE, UpdatePTE, NextPTE); // NextPTE = ReadDataNoXM when ADUE = 0 because UpdatePTE = 0
     flopenr #(P.PA_BITS) HPTWAdrWriteReg(clk, reset, SaveHPTWAdr, HPTWReadAdr, HPTWWriteAdr);
     
diff --git a/src/privileged/privdec.sv b/src/privileged/privdec.sv
index bc9f9235f..cf32c1f28 100644
--- a/src/privileged/privdec.sv
+++ b/src/privileged/privdec.sv
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ module privdec import cvw::*;  #(parameter cvw_t P) (
 
   if (P.U_SUPPORTED) begin:wfi
     logic [P.WFI_TIMEOUT_BIT:0] WFICount, WFICountPlus1;
-    assign WFICountPlus1 = WFICount + 1;
-    floprc #(P.WFI_TIMEOUT_BIT+1) wficountreg(clk, reset, ~wfiM, WFICountPlus1, WFICount);  // count while in WFI
+    assign WFICountPlus1 = wfiM ? WFICount + 1 : '0; // restart counting on WFI
+    flopr #(P.WFI_TIMEOUT_BIT+1) wficountreg(clk, reset, WFICountPlus1, WFICount);  // count while in WFI
   // coverage off -item e 1 -fecexprrow 1
   // WFI Timout trap will not occur when STATUS_TW is low while in supervisor mode, so the system gets stuck waiting for an interrupt and triggers a watchdog timeout.
     assign WFITimeoutM = ((STATUS_TW & PrivilegeModeW != P.M_MODE) | (P.S_SUPPORTED & PrivilegeModeW == P.U_MODE)) & WFICount[P.WFI_TIMEOUT_BIT]; 
diff --git a/synthDC/Makefile b/synthDC/Makefile
index 7968a7b52..03c3c6612 100755
--- a/synthDC/Makefile
+++ b/synthDC/Makefile
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ configs: $(CONFIG)
 $(CONFIG):
 	@echo $(CONFIG)
 	cp -r $(OLDCONFIGDIR)/shared/*.vh $(CONFIGDIR)
-	cp -r $(OLDCONFIGDIR)/$(CONFIG)/* $(CONFIGDIR)
+#   cp -r $(OLDCONFIGDIR)/$(CONFIG)/* $(CONFIGDIR)
+	cp -r $(OLDCONFIGDIR)/deriv/$(CONFIG)/* $(CONFIGDIR)
 
 # adjust DTIM and IROM to reasonable values depending on config	
 ifneq ($(filter $(CONFIG), $(DIRS32)),)
@@ -61,8 +62,8 @@ else ifneq ($(filter $(CONFIG), $(DIRS64)),)
 	sed -i "s/DTIM_RANGE.*/DTIM_RANGE	= 56\'h01FF;/g" $(CONFIGDIR)/config.vh
 	sed -i "s/IROM_RANGE.*/IROM_RANGE	= 56\'h01FF;/g" $(CONFIGDIR)/config.vh
 else 
-    $(info $(CONFIG) does not exist in $(DIRS32) or $(DIRS64))
-    @echo "Config not in list, RAM_RANGE will be unmodified"
+	$(info $(CONFIG) does not exist in $(DIRS32) or $(DIRS64))
+	@echo "Config not in list, RAM_RANGE will be unmodified"
 endif
 
 # if USESRAM = 1, set that in the config file, otherwise reduce sizes